Introduction: The aim of this study is to determine some of the maternal RISK FACTORS that lead to preterm delivery. Recognizing these RISK FACTORS makes it possible to prevent preterm labors as the most frequent cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical research study. The data were collected from the recorded information in the files of mothers and preterm neonates that had been born in Bahman 22nd and Shahrivar 17th Hospitals in Mashhad during 2007-2009. The case group consists of 360 preterm deliveries (before week 37th of gestation). The control group consists of 360 term deliveries (after week 37th of gestation). In this study, some of the maternal RISK FACTORS leading to preterm labor were taken into consideration. The criteria selected were: maternity age, previous abortions, number of previous pregnancies, preeclampsia, the number and gender of fetuses, diabetes and bacterial vaginitis. Also, UTI, the premature rupture of membrane (PROM) was extracted from the registration records. Using SPSS, the two groups were compared and the data were analyzed with the method of chi- square test.Results: In this study, the prevalence rate of preterm labor was estimated as 6.1%. The findings suggest that maternal RISK FACTORS, such as diabetes, UTI, maternity age, the number of previous pregnancies and the gender of fetus did not cause any significant difference between the groups of the study, but we found significant p-value for the RISK FACTORS, such as bacterial vaginitis, PROM, preeclampsia, previous abortions, and the number of fetuses. Conclusion: We can reduce the incidence of preterm labor as a result of which the rate of morbidity and mortality of preterm neonates would decrease. This can be materialize  through early diagnosis and treatment of maternal genitourinary infections, prevention of premature rupture (PROM) and preeclampsia as well as preventing repeated abortions and iatrogenic multiple gestation with induction of ovulation.

Aim and Background: CARDIOVASCULAR disease (CVD) is a chronic medical condition that affects many aspects of patients' lives. Therefore, it is important to identify RISK FACTORS of CVD for the design of interventional and preventive programs. The purpose of this study was to review the psychological RISK FACTORS of CVD. Methods and Materials: This systematic review study examines the psychological RISK FACTORS of CVD. For this purpose, articles from 1995 to 2019 were searched from the databases of Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus and Elsevier. Out of 257 articles, 51 articles were finally used in this study. Findings: The results of this study showed that various FACTORS such as stress, depression, anger and hostility, lack of social support, anxiety, lack of spiritual health and personality traits such as type A personality in the development of CVD is involved. Conclusions: According to the findings of the study, health professionals can prevent and control of CVD in different age groups by designing educational programs focused on RISK FACTORS of this disease such as stress, depression, anger, social isolation and anxiety.

Background- We aimed to assess the magnitude of the problem of CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS in hospitalized patients and to establish CARDIOVASCULAR disease (CVD) RISK factor profiles.Methods- We selected 476 confirmed CVD patients by a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling technique in Tabriz Heart Center. After obtaining demographic information and performing physical examination, we measured biochemical parameters. Data were analyzed with SPSS 10.05, and p<0.05 was considered significant.Results- Obesity was the most common abnormality (93.5%), followed by diabetes mellitus (58.4%), low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) (45.4%), low physical activity (41.6%), high total cholesterol (TC) (40.1%), high triglycerides (TG) (37.2%), high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) (30.7%), diastolic hypertension (28.4%), high systolic blood pressure (24.8%) and smoking (20%). Ninety-three percent, 43%, 16% and 5% of patients had one, two, three and four RISK FACTORS for CVD, respectively. The prevalence of lipid disorders in females was more than that in males, except for low HDL-c (p<0.05). Among the lipid profiles, only TG had a relationship with age (p<0.05). Obesity was accompanied by lipid profile abnormality, such that low serum levels of HDL-c and high levels of TG, TC and LDL-c were more common in obese patients (p<0.05).Conclusion- This study revealed a high prevalence of RISK FACTORS in the CVD patients; thus modification of lifestyles is urgently needed.

Background: With respect to the effective dietary FACTORS on heart diseases (HDs), the present research aims to study the dietary RISK FACTORS of people with CARDIOVASCULAR diseases.Materials and Methods: The demography and anthropometric information as well as the nutritional condition for 80 patients hospitalized in the CARDIOVASCULAR Ward of Zahedan Khatam al-Anbia (PBUH) Hospital were determined through dietary recall and indices of lipid profile.Results: As per the findings of this study, for BMI, 26.2% of the patients were overweighed, 10.1% of patients had obesity, and 43.5% of the patients had abdominal obesity for waist to hip ratio. The mean of cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, and HDL were 198.2±52.8, 136.8±66.3, 139±35.4, and 40±10.2 mg/dl, respectively. Imbalance in the macronutrient intakes were observed in patients.Conclusion: Given the fact that the indices under study are inappropriate, the patients are those who are subject to CARDIOVASCULAR diseases in a constant and chronic manner.

Background & Aims: supracondylar humerus fracture is one of the most common pediatric elbow fractures accounting for about 16% of the pediatric fractures. Loss of reduction is one of the complications after closed and percutaneous fixation. This research is aimed to investigate the FACTORS involved in the loss of reduction. Method: In this descriptive study, the children with supracondylar humerus fractures were examined. 175 children under the age of 10 with type 3 and 4 supracondylar humerus fracture fractures who underwent closed fixation and pinning were entered into the study. The studied FACTORS were analyzed by a logistic regression method. Results: in this study 175 children under the age of 10 including 71 girls and 104 boys (59. 4%) with the average age of 5. 4± 2. 4 were investigated. In 153 cases, (87. 4%) the fixation was anatomical and stable during the follow-up; while 22 cases (12. 6%) had the loss of fixation. The most important anatomical disorder was internal rotation displacement in the medial distal part of fracture in these 22 cases. Pinning technique and obesity were among the effective FACTORS in the failure of the anatomical reduction. In a way that obese children (above 85 percentile or IBM>25) and the lateral pinning location were divergent but they crossed in the fracture site and were effective with odd ratios of 1. 3 (CI 95% 0. 8-2. 3) and 1. 8 (CI 95% 0. 9-2. 3), respectively. In 14 cases (63. 6%) the failure was due to the place of fracture cross and in 8 cases (36. 6%) the complication occurred in the obese children. The fracture type had no effect on the loss of reduction as no difference was observed. Conclusions: Obesity and fixation technique are among the effective FACTORS in the loss of reduction in pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures. In obese children, cross-suitable fixation should be considered to prevent complications.

Background and purpose: In recent years the role of nutrition and herbal medicine are considered in the control of CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS. The aim of this review was to evaluate the effect of nigella sativa on glycemic indices, lipid profiles, markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and anthropometric indices.Materials and methods: An electronic literature search was conducted on websites such as Science direct, Google scholar, SID, Iranmedex, and Scopus using the following keywords: nigella sativa, Timokinon, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, blood glucose, lipid profile, metabolic syndrome, body weight, inflammation, and antioxidant. Published articles (until August 2014) in English and Persian were selected.Results: Nigella sativa in various interventions improved insulin resistance, lowered blood sugar and HbA1c, increased insulin production, and decreased hepatic gluconeogenesis and glucose absorption in the intestine. Nigella sativa also showed improvements in lipid profile. It can improve the inflammatory status (by reducing the inflammatory cytokine and anti-inflammatory increase in the inhibition of NF-KB factor and Nitric oxide) and oxidative stress (by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reducing free radicals, such as Malondialdehyde) in treatment of diabetes. Nigella sativa modifies the metabolic syndrome associated with type 2 diabetes by improving anthropometric parameters.Conclusion: Nigella sativa have a favorable effect on management of CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS such as dyslipidemia, inflammatory markers, and oxidative stress.